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Mapepala
Kupaka
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Kupaka kwa Tuobo kudzipereka kupereka zonyamula zonse zotayidwa m'malo ogulitsira khofi, masitolo ogulitsa pizza, malo onse odyera ndi kuphika nyumba, ndi zina zotere, kuphatikiza makapu amapepala a khofi, makapu akumwa, mabokosi a hamburger, mabokosi a pizza, zikwama zamapepala, mapesi amapepala ndi zinthu zina.

Zonse zonyamula katundu zimachokera pa lingaliro la chitetezo chobiriwira ndi chilengedwe.Zida zamagulu a chakudya zimasankhidwa, zomwe sizingakhudze kukoma kwa zakudya.Ndiwopanda madzi komanso wosapaka mafuta, ndipo ndizolimbikitsa kwambiri kuziyika.

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I. Chiyambi

A. Mbiri

Khofi wakhala mbali yofunika kwambiri masiku ano.Ndipo makapu amapepala amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamakampani a khofi.Makapu a mapepala ali ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, aukhondo, komanso okhazikika.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo ogulitsira khofi, ma cafe, ndi malo ena ogulitsa zakumwa.

B. Kufunika kwa makapu a mapepala mumakampani a khofi

M'makampani a khofi,makapu mapepalathandizani kwambiri.Choyamba, kuphweka kwa makapu a mapepala kumapangitsa makasitomala kugula khofi nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse ndikusangalala ndi kukoma kokoma.Mwachitsanzo, m’maŵa wotanganidwa, anthu ambiri amasankha kugula kapu ya khofi mumsewu.Kugwiritsa ntchito makapu a mapepala kumapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuti azinyamula ndi kumwa khofi.Kuphatikiza apo, makapu a mapepala amaperekanso zotengera zoyera komanso zaukhondo.Ikhoza kutsimikizira ubwino ndi ukhondo wa khofi.Izi ndizofunikira kwa ogula ambiri.Makamaka akamamwa khofi pamalo opezeka anthu ambiri, makasitomala amafuna kusangalala nawo ndi mtendere wamumtima.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukhazikika kwa makapu a mapepala ndi gawo la kufunikira kwawo mumakampani a khofi.Chidwi cha anthu pa nkhani za chilengedwe chikuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku.Kukhazikika kukukhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kuti ogula asankhe Kapu ya Khofi.Poyerekeza ndi makapu apulasitiki achikhalidwe kapena makapu ena omwe amatha kutaya, makapu amapepala nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kubwezeretsedwanso kapena kuwonongeka.Izi zimachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe.Malo ogulitsa khofi, maunyolo a zakumwa, ndi malo ogulitsira khofi nawonso akulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika.Atha kugwiritsa ntchito makapu a pepala owonongeka ngati zotengera zomwe amakonda.

Kufunika kwa makapu a mapepala mumakampani a khofi sikunganyalanyazidwe.Kusavuta kwake, ukhondo, komanso kukhazikika kumapangitsa makapu amapepala kukhala chisankho chabwino kwambiri.Izi zitha kukwaniritsa zosowa ndi nkhawa za ogula amakono.Kuti timvetse bwino kufunika kwa makapu a mapepala, tifunika kufufuza mozama za makhalidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makapu a mapepala.Ndipo tiyenera kudziwa ngati amakwaniritsa miyezo ya chakudya.Izi zitha kutsimikizira kuti makapu amapepala omwe timasankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito ndi otetezeka komanso odalirika.

II.Zida Zomwe Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Pamakapu a Papepala

A. Chidule cha Zida Zazikulu za Makapu a Mapepala

Kupanga makapu a mapepala nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zamkati ndi zokutira.Zamkati zimapangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose ndi zina zowonjezera.Zowonjezerazi zimatha kuwonjezera mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa makapu a mapepala.Zida zokutira nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuvala mkati mwa makapu apepala.Izi zitha kupangitsa kuti chikho cha pepala chisalowe ndi madzi komanso kutentha.Zida zokutira wamba zimaphatikizapo polyethylene (PE) ndi polylactic acid (PLA).

B. Zinthu za makapu a mapepala

Zida zazikulu zamakapu mapepalamonga zamkati, zokutira, ndi zinthu zina zothandizira.Makatoni omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makapu a mapepala amakhala olimba komanso okhazikika.Pepala lokutidwa ndi PE limakhala ndi madzi, osawotcha komanso osamva mafuta.PLA biodegradable zipangizo akhoza kuthetsa nkhani zisathe ndi kuchepetsa katundu chilengedwe.Kusankhidwa kwa zida za makapu a mapepala kuyenera kutengera zosowa zenizeni ndi zofunikira zokhazikika kuti zitsimikizire kuti kapu ya pepala ndi yabwino komanso chilengedwe.

1. Makhalidwe a makatoni ndi ntchito yake pakupanga chikho cha pepala

Katoni ndi pepala lalikulu.Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi stacking angapo zigawo za zamkati.Zili ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zolimba, ndipo zimatha kupirira kupanikizika ndi kulemera kwina.Nthawi zambiri makatoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makapu a mapepala kuti apange mbali monga pakamwa ndi pansi pa chikho.Izi zingapereke bata ndi chithandizo chabwino.Kukonza makatoni kumatha kuchitika kudzera munjira monga kukanikiza, kusindikiza, ndi kudula kufa.

2. Makhalidwe a pepala lokutidwa ndi PE ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake popanga makapu a pepala

Pepala lokutidwa ndi PE ndi chinthu chomwe chimavala polyethylene (PE) mkati mwa kapu yamapepala.PE ili ndi madzi abwino komanso kukana kutentha.Izi zimathandiza kapu ya pepala kupirira kutentha kwa chakumwa chotentha.Komanso zimatha kuteteza madzi kuti asatuluke mu kapu ya pepala.Ilinso ndi kukana mafuta abwino.Chifukwa chake, zitha kuletsa zakumwa zokhala ndi mafuta kuti zisalowe m'kapu yapepala.Mapepala okhala ndi PE amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga makapu a pepala.Ndipo imakwaniritsa zofunikira pazakudya zamagulu.

3. Makhalidwe a PLA biodegradable zipangizo ndi ntchito yake mu kupanga mapepala makapu

PLA ndi biodegradable material.Amapangidwa makamaka ndi Wowuma wa Chimanga kapena zinthu zina zongowonjezwdwa za zomera.Ili ndi degradability yabwino.Ikhoza kuwola ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pansi pamikhalidwe yoyenera ndikusandulika kukhala carbon dioxide ndi madzi.Kugwiritsa ntchito zida za PLA pakupanga makapu amapepala kukuchulukirachulukira.Ikhoza kukwaniritsa zosowa za chitukuko chokhazikika ndikuchepetsa zotsatira zake pa chilengedwe.Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa makapu a mapepala a PLA, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kungachepetse makapu apulasitiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Izi zitha kulimbikitsa zobwezeretsanso zinthu.

Tili ndi njira zapamwamba zopangira ndi zida zowonetsetsa kuti kapu iliyonse yamapepala yosinthidwa makonda imapangidwa mwaluso kwambiri ndipo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola komanso owolowa manja.Miyezo yokhazikika yopanga ndi kuwongolera bwino kumapangitsa kuti malonda athu aziyesetsa kuchita bwino mwatsatanetsatane, kupangitsa chithunzi chanu kukhala chaukadaulo komanso chomaliza.

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III.Chitsimikizo cha zinthu zamagawo a chakudya cha makapu a mapepala

A. Tanthauzo ndi miyezo ya zakudya kalasi zipangizo

Zipangizo zamagawo a chakudya zimatanthawuza zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwonetsetsa kuti sizipanga zinthu zoyipa zikakumana ndi chakudya ndi zakumwa.Zida zamagawo a chakudya zimayenera kutsata miyezo ndi malamulo ena.Izi zimatsimikizira kuti palibe zotsatirapo zoipa pa chitetezo ndi thanzi la anthu.

Miyezo ya zinthu zamagulu a chakudya nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi:

1. Zinthu zosasungunuka.Pamwamba pa zinthuzo pasakhale zinthu zosungunuka kapena zosungunuka mobwerezabwereza ndipo zisasunthike kupita ku chakudya.

2. Acidity ndi alkalinity.Zinthuzo ziyenera kusungidwa mumtundu wina wa acidity ndi alkalinity kuti zisawononge acidity ndi alkalinity yazakudya.

3. Zitsulo zolemera.Zomwe zili muzitsulo zolemera muzinthuzi ziyenera kukhala zotsika kusiyana ndi zomwe bungwe la International Health Organization (WHO) limapereka komanso miyezo ya chitetezo cha chakudya cha dziko.

4. Pulasitiki.Ngati mapulasitiki agwiritsidwa ntchito, mlingo wawo uyenera kutsata zofunikira zowongolera ndipo usakhale ndi zotsatira zoyipa pazakudya.

B. Zofunikira pazida zosiyanasiyana paziphaso za kalasi ya chakudya

Zida zosiyanasiyana zamakapu mapepalaamafunikira mayeso angapo ndikuwunika paziphaso zamagulu a chakudya.Izi zitha kuonetsetsa chitetezo chake ndi thanzi pokhudzana ndi chakudya.Njira yopangira chiphaso chamagulu a chakudya imatha kuwonetsetsa kuti zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makapu amapepala ndizotetezeka komanso zopanda vuto, ndikukwaniritsa miyezo ndi zofunikira pakukhudzana ndi chakudya.

1. Njira yotsimikizira kalasi ya chakudya pa makatoni

Monga chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za makapu a mapepala, makatoni amafunikira chiphaso cha kalasi ya chakudya kuti atsimikizire chitetezo chake.Njira yotsimikizira za chakudya cha makatoni nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi izi:

a.Kuyesa kwazinthu zopangira: Kusanthula kwazinthu zamakatoni.Izi zimatsimikizira kuti palibe zinthu zovulaza zomwe zilipo.Monga zitsulo zolemera, zinthu zapoizoni, ndi zina zotero.

b.Kuyesa kwathupi: Yezetsani magwiridwe antchito pamakina pa makatoni.Monga mphamvu zowonongeka, kukana madzi, etc. Izi zimatsimikizira kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha makatoni panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.

c.Kuyesa kusamuka: Ikani makatoni polumikizana ndi chakudya choyerekeza.Yang'anirani ngati zinthu zilizonse zimasamukira ku chakudya pakapita nthawi kuti muwunikire chitetezo cha zinthuzo.

d.Kuyesa umboni wamafuta: Yesani kuyesa zokutira pa makatoni.Izi zimatsimikizira kuti kapu yamapepala imakhala ndi kukana mafuta bwino.

e.Kuyesa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Yezetsani ma virus pa makatoni.Izi zitha kuonetsetsa kuti palibe kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu.

2. Njira yotsimikizira kalasi ya chakudya pamapepala opaka PE

Pepala lokutidwa ndi PE, ngati chinthu chophikira wamba pamakapu apepala, limafunikiranso chiphaso cha chakudya.Kachitidwe ka chiphaso chake kumaphatikizapo njira zazikulu izi:

a.Kuyesa kwapang'onopang'ono: Pangani kusanthula kwamankhwala pazida zokutira za PE.Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ilibe zinthu zovulaza.

b.Mayeso osamukira: Ikani pepala lokutidwa ndi PE polumikizana ndi chakudya chofananira kwa nthawi inayake.Uku ndikuwunika ngati pali zinthu zina zomwe zasamukira m'zakudya.

c.Mayeso okhazikika a kutentha: Tsanzirani kukhazikika ndi chitetezo cha zida zokutira za PE pansi pa kutentha kwambiri.

d.Mayeso okhudzana ndi chakudya: Lumikizanani ndi pepala lokutidwa ndi PE ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazakudya.Uku ndikuwunika kuyenerera kwake komanso chitetezo chazakudya zosiyanasiyana.

3. Chakudya kalasi certification ndondomeko PLA biodegradable zipangizo

PLA biodegradable zipangizo ndi chimodzi mwa oimira zipangizo zachilengedwe wochezeka.Pamafunikanso satifiketi ya chakudya.Kachitidwe ka certification kumaphatikizapo izi:

a.Kuyesa kapangidwe kazinthu: Pangani kusanthula kwazinthu pazida za PLA.Izi zitha kuwonetsetsa kuti zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zikukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagulu azakudya komanso kuti zilibe zinthu zovulaza.

b.Kuyesa kwa magwiridwe antchito: Tsanzirani chilengedwe, yesani kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa PLA pansi pamikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana komanso chitetezo chazinthu zowonongeka.

c.Mayeso osamukira: Ikani zida za PLA polumikizana ndi chakudya choyerekeza kwa nthawi inayake.Izi zitha kuyang'anira ngati zinthu zilizonse zasamukira m'zakudya.

d.Kuyesa kwa ma Microbial: Kuyesa kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pazinthu za PLA.Izi zimatsimikizira kuti ilibe kuipitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu.

Chithunzi cha IMG 198

IV.The processing ndondomeko chakudya kalasi mapepala makapu

1. Kukonzekera zinthu ndi kudula

Choyamba, konzani zida zamagulu azakudya monga makatoni ndi pepala lokutidwa ndi PE lopangira makapu amapepala.Katoni iyenera kudulidwa kukula koyenera.Nthawi zambiri, mpukutu waukulu wa makatoni umadulidwa m'mawonekedwe oyenera ndi kukula kwake kudzera mu zida zodulira.

2. Kupanga zinthu ndi kupindika

Makatoni odulidwa kapena pepala lokutidwa lidzapangidwa kudzera mu zida zopangira lamination.Izi zitha kupindika makatoni kapena pepala lokutidwa ngati mawonekedwe a thupi la chikho.Sitepe iyi ndi sitepe Yodzipereka yakuumba chikho cha pepala.

3. Chithandizo cha pansi ndi pakamwa pa chikho

Pambuyo pa thupi la chikho, pansi pa chikhocho chidzapindikizidwa ndi zida zopangira chikho.Izi zikhoza kupangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba.Pa nthawi yomweyo, chikho pakamwa adzakhalanso litapiringizidwa mwa chikho pakamwa pokonza zipangizo.Izi zidzawonjezera kusalala ndi chitonthozo cha kapu pakamwa.

4. Kupaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito

Kwa makapu a mapepala omwe amafunikira kukana kwa mafuta, kupaka ndi kuphimba mankhwala kudzachitidwa.Nthawi zambiri, mapepala ophimbidwa ndi chakudya cha PE amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka.Izi zitha kupatsa kapu ya pepala kumlingo wina wa kukana mafuta kuti asalowetse chakudya.

5. Kuyang'anira ndi Kuyika

Pomaliza, kapu yamapepala yopangidwa idzawunikiridwa bwino kudzera mu zida zowunikira.Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe cholakwika chilichonse mu kapu yamapepala.Makapu a mapepala oyenerera adzaikidwa ndi kuikidwa, okonzeka kutumizidwa ndi kugulitsidwa.

Masitepe awa ndi njira yoyambira yopangirachakudya kalasi mapepala makapu.Gawo lililonse limafuna kuwongolera kokhazikika.Ndipo amayeneranso kutsatira miyezo ndi zofunika zachitetezo cha chakudya.Ndikofunika kusankha kupanga makapu a mapepala otetezeka komanso odalirika a chakudya.Izi ndizofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti zakudya ndi zakumwa zili zabwino komanso zaukhondo.

Mtengo wa IMG 1159
Mtengo wa IMG 1167

Kuphatikiza pa zida zapamwamba komanso mapangidwe apadera, timapereka zosankha zosinthika kwambiri.Mukhoza kusankha kukula, mphamvu, mtundu, ndi kusindikiza kapu ya pepala kuti mukwaniritse zosowa zanu zamtundu wanu.Njira zathu zotsogola zopangira ndi zida zimatsimikizira mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a kapu iliyonse yamapepala, potero ikuwonetsa bwino mtundu wanu kwa ogula.

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V. Mapeto

Zida zodziwika bwino za makapu a mapepala a chakudya amaphatikiza makatoni ndi pepala lokutidwa ndi PE.Makatoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chikho cha makapu amapepala, pomwe pepala lokutidwa ndi PE limagwiritsidwa ntchito kukulitsa kukana kwamafuta kwa makapu amapepala.Zida izi ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yovomerezeka ya chakudya.Izi zitha kutsimikizira chitetezo ndi ukhondo wa chikho cha pepala.

Chitsimikizo cha chakudya ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zofunika pamenekupanga ndi kugulitsa makapu a mapepala.Pakulandira chiphaso cha chakudya, zitha kutsimikiziridwa kuti zida za kapu ya pepala ndi njira zopangira zimakwaniritsa ukhondo ndi chitetezo.Ndipo izi zimathandiza kumvetsetsa ngati makapu amapepala ali ndi kuwongolera kwabwino komanso kasamalidwe ka kupanga.Chitsimikizo cha chakudya sichingangowonjezera chidaliro cha ogula m'makapu apepala.Ndipo zimathandizanso kutsatira malamulo ndi malamulo, kuteteza thanzi ndi chitetezo cha ogula.Chifukwa chake, chiphaso cha kalasi yazakudya ndichofunikira pamabizinesi opanga makapu a mapepala.

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Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-13-2023
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